Cement production emits a large amount of CO ₂ (approximately 0.
6-1.
0 tons per ton of cement), making it a carbon intensive process.
Replacing some cement with auxiliary cementitious materials (SCMs) is an effective way to reduce carbon emissions.
Commonly used SCMs include fly ash, silica fume, and granulated blast furnace slag, but these industrial by-products also emit CO ₂ during the production process.
In recent years, rice husk ash (RHA) has received widespread attention as a source of agricultural waste SCMs.
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