According to the local temperature data for many years, when the daily average outdoor temperature remains below 5 ℃ for 5 consecutive days, concrete construction should enter the winter season.
Therefore, the winter construction period for concrete can be determined based on historical meteorological data.
In the autumn and winter seasons, the specific date for winter construction of concrete is from the initial day when the temperature remains below 5 ℃ for 5 consecutive days to the final day when the temperature remains above 5 ℃ for 5 consecutive days in the spring of the following year.
However, it should be noted that in early winter or early spring, sometimes a sudden cold wave strikes and the temperature drops below 0 ℃.
After the cold wave, the temperature rises again.
This situation often goes unnoticed by construction personnel, and insulation and windproof measures are poor, resulting in more severe concrete freezing damage.
Concrete frost damage can be divided into the following three types.
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