The rapid development of shield tunnels such as urban subways, intercity railways, and water conservancy tunnels in China has led to the high dependence of traditional pipe segments on dense steel bars to achieve structural strength.
There are shortcomings such as large steel bar usage, multiple processing steps, low production efficiency, easy transportation corner shedding, and easy operation cracking, which make it difficult to meet the development requirements of green, low-carbon, efficient construction, and long-term durability.
Meanwhile, issues such as workability control, uniform dispersion, missing constitutive models, and inconsistent design methods have long constrained the large-scale application of steel fiber reinforced concrete in the field of tunnel segments.
.