The construction of concrete under low temperature conditions is one of the widely recognized technical issues both domestically and internationally.
Low temperature concrete construction, also known as “winter concrete construction,” refers to concrete construction where the average temperature during construction is below 5 ℃ or the lowest temperature is below -3 ℃.
According to the frost resistance theory of concrete, when the early strength of concrete is below 5 MPa (critical strength), it will be subjected to freezing, which will deteriorate the physical mechanical and architectural technical properties of concrete and produce cracks.
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